Biological Activity
Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
In Vitro
No in vitro data are provided in the current product source. Contact us for further information.
In Vivo
Melatonin increases the levels of activated PTEN, RSK-1, mTOR and AMPKα kinases, mildly inhibits ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and Bad phosphorylation, significantly inhibits phosphorylations of S6 Ribosomal Protein, 4E-BP1, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, and slightly increases PRAS40 phosphorylation in animals[1]. Melatonin ameliorates the neurotoxiciy and astrocyte activation induced by Aβ1-42 in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin also blocks the reduction in Reelin and Dab1 expression induced by Aβ1-42[2]. Melatonin treatment and lack of NLRP3-/- share similar inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathway in mice. Melatonin treatment and lack of NLRP3-/- share some patterns of clock genes expression, and improve cardiomyocytes morphology in mice[3].
Target
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Animal Administration
A total of two sets of adult male C57BL/6j mice weighing 21-26 g are randomly assigned to one of four groups and treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery of (i) vehicle (50 μL isotonic saline/5% ethanol), (ii) melatonin (4 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.9% isotonic saline/5% ethanol), (iii) Wortmannin, and (iv) melatonin/Wortmannin immediately after reperfusion. In the first set, mice are exposed to 30 min of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) and 72 h reperfusion for the evaluation of disseminate ischemic injury in the striatum, and signaling pathway analysis (n=7 per group). The second group of mice is exposed to 90 min of FCI and 24 h reperfusion for the analysis of infarct development, brain swelling and IgG extravasation (n=7 per group).
References & source
[1]. Kilic U, et al. Particular phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt on Thr308 via PDK-1 and PTEN mediates melatonin's neuroprotective activity after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Redox Biol. 2017 Apr 5;12:657-665
[2]. Hu C, et al. Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on soluble Aβ1-42-induced cortical neurodegeneration via Reelin-Dab1 signaling pathway. Neurol Res. 2017 Apr 7:1-1
[3]. Rahim I, et al. Melatonin administration to wild-type mice and non-treated NLRP3 mutant mice share similar inhibition of the inflammatory response during sepsis. J Pineal Res. 2017 Mar 31
Published experimental findings depend on the model and assay conditions. They do not guarantee equivalent performance in every application. For laboratory research use only.