AO12 is the para-hydroxyphenylpropionic-acid derivative in the phenol-derived AO12–16 series.
Compound characterization · Supplementary Information p. 4, Compound AO12; Supplementary Fig. 24.sales@dcchemicals.com
Antioxidant lipid AO12
Formulation & Performance
Literature-reported formulation composition
| Component | Reported molar ratio | Role |
|---|---|---|
| AO12 | 2.44 | Ionizable lipid |
| SM-102 | 48.78 | Ionizable lipid |
| DSPC | 9.76 | Helper phospholipid |
| Cholesterol | 37.56 | Sterol |
| DMG-PEG2000 | 1.46 | PEG lipid |
| Reported ratio sum | 100 | Original ratio retained |
Component molecular weights and calculated amounts
Composition retained from the cited study below. Research planning aid only. Results cover lipid component weights and do not include RNA, buffer, solvent, process loss or an N/P ratio.
| Component | Molecular weight | Molar parts | Normalized mol% | Amount (µmol) | Weight (mg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AO12 | 2.440 | 3.8957 | 3.3439 | ||
| SM-102 | 48.780 | 77.8828 | 55.3124 | ||
| DSPC | 9.760 | 15.5829 | 12.3129 | ||
| Cholesterol | 37.560 | 59.9688 | 23.1869 | ||
| DMG-PEG2000 | 1.460 | 2.3311 | 5.8440 |
Calculated total: 100.0000 mg lipid.
Calculated catalog planning quantities; RNA, solvent and process loss are excluded. DMG-PEG2000 uses 2507. Component mass = total lipid mass × molar parts × molecular weight / sum(parts × molecular weight). This conversion does not infer N/P.
Literature-reported performance for the cited formulation
Literature-reported89% for AO12LNPs versus 57% for cLNPs0.05 mM reactive-species panel; AO12 at 5 mol% relative to SM-102 · Supplementary Table 2 / Fig. 2e-f · Commercial SM-102 LNPsMain article p. 4, Fig. 2e-f; Supplementary Information p. 76, Supplementary Table 2.
Literature-reported58% versus 41% after ·OH; 47% versus 25% after ONOO−Extracted FLuc mRNA from AO12LNPs versus cLNPs · After 2 h reactive-species exposure; capillary electrophoresis · cLNPsMain article p. 5, Fig. 3e.
Literature-reported85–87% versus 53–59% for corresponding control formulationsAO12 incorporated at 5 mol% into MC3- and ALC-0315-based LNPs · PMA-induced oxidative stress; luciferase readout · Corresponding MC3 or ALC-0315 controlsMain article p. 5; Supplementary Figs. 60-61.
Literature-reportedAO12LNPs preserved approximately 89% of healthy-liver expression versus approximately 33% for cLNPsAPAP-induced acute liver injury; i.v. FLuc mRNA · 6 h post-injection · cLNPsMain article p. 8, Fig. 4b-c; Supplementary Fig. 83.
Literature-reportedAO12LNPs preserved 70% versus 29% for cLNPsAPAP-induced acute liver injury; i.v. FLuc circRNA · 6 h post-injection · cLNPsMain article p. 8, Fig. 4d-e; Supplementary Fig. 83.
Literature-reported77% versus 49% of healthy-lung expressionLPS-induced acute lung injury with lung-targeting DOTAP-containing LNPs · 6 h post-injection · lung-cLNPsMain article p. 8, Fig. 4f-h; Supplementary Fig. 84.
Literature-reported45% versus 19% of healthy-lung expressionBleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis with lung-targeting LNPs · 6 h post-injection · lung-cLNPsMain article p. 8, Fig. 4f-h; Supplementary Fig. 85.
Literature-reported2.8-fold versus fibrosis group and 1.3-fold versus cLNPsCCl4-induced liver fibrosis; HGF mRNA AO12LNPs · After three injections at 4-day intervals · Fibrosis group and HGF-mRNA cLNPsMain article p. 9, Fig. 5g-h; Supplementary Fig. 88.
Literature-reportedAST reduced 44% and ALT 92% versus fibrosis group; cLNPs reduced AST 26% and ALT 31%HGF mRNA treatment · Two days after final injection · Fibrosis group and cLNPsMain article p. 9, Fig. 5i-l.
Literature-reported23.67% indel frequencyRAW264.7 macrophages treated with AO12LNPs carrying Cas9 mRNA and NLRP3 sgRNA · 72 h after treatment · The study reports no measurable editing at five predicted off-target lociMain article p. 13; Supplementary Fig. 110 and Supplementary Tables 6-7.
Additional reported findings
Three independent AO12LNP batches were made using a Micro&Nano microfluidic chip at a reported flow rate of 200 mL/min; the batches retained comparable particle properties and expression in the cited study.
Process demonstration · Main article p. 5; Supplementary Fig. 62.Cell viability remained above 88% at 10 µg/mL in the reported cytotoxicity experiment; hemolysis and healthy-mouse body weight, histology, ALT/AST and inflammatory cytokines were reported as comparable to controls under the tested conditions. These are study-specific observations, not a general safety conclusion.
Safety-related assays · Main article p. 6; Supplementary Figs. 66-73.Literature Data DisclaimerAll formulation parameters and performance values shown in this section are derived from the cited publication and are provided for reference only. These results were obtained using the specific materials, formulation process, cargo, dose, analytical method, model and administration route described in that study. Unless otherwise stated, the data were not generated or independently verified by DC Chemicals. DC Chemicals supplies the lipid compound only and does not guarantee that customers will reproduce the reported LNP properties or biological performance.
The administration route shown above was used in the cited study and is not a clinical-use instruction or recommendation by DC Chemicals.
The administration route shown above was used in the cited study and is not a clinical-use instruction or recommendation by DC Chemicals.
Cited literature for this formulation and performance datasetLi B, Zhao M, Yang B, et al. Antioxidant lipid nanoparticles enhance mRNA stability for regeneration therapy and gene editing. Nature Communications. 2026;17:7166. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-73512-3
All formulation and performance values are specific to the cited paper and supplementary information, including its RNA cargo, helper lipids, mixing process, model, dose and assay. They are not product release specifications.
All formulation and performance values are specific to the cited paper and supplementary information, including its RNA cargo, helper lipids, mixing process, model, dose and assay. They are not product release specifications.